Accountant (General) Visa Pathway to Australia: Complete 2026 Guide
Updated: 29 October 2026
Australia classifies Accountant (General) under ANZSCO 221111. CAANZ, CPA Australia and IPA conduct the skills assessment. The occupation sits on the MLTSSL and CSOL. Home Affairs lists it for the 189, 190 and 491 points-tested visas, the 494 regional employer visa, the 482 and 186 employer-sponsored visas and the 485 graduate visa. Typical 2026 salaries range AUD $80,000-$140,000. CA ANZ's 2026 member survey recorded a 49 per cent vacancy fill rate for general accountants — a national shortage signal.
Quick Facts: Accountant (General) Migration Pathway
| Detail | Information |
|---|---|
| ANZSCO Code | 221111 (Accountant (General)) |
| Skill Level | 1 (Bachelor degree or higher) |
| Skills Assessment | CAANZ, CPA Australia or IPA |
| Occupation List | MLTSSL and CSOL |
| Visas Home Affairs lists | 186, 189, 190, 407, 482, 485, 489, 491 and 494 |
| Demand Level | High — CA ANZ recorded 49% vacancy fill rate; over 10,000 projected shortfall by end of 2026 |
| Salary Range | AUD $80,000-$140,000 (SEEK, May 2026) |
| Typical 189 Score | 85-95 points (historically competitive) |
| Key Challenge | English requirement is the single biggest filter — each assessing body sets its own English requirement |
| Official figures checked | 28 October 2026 (Home Affairs occupation list, visa fees and processing times) |
Why Accountants Are Back on the Priority Watchlist
For most of the past decade, Accountant (General) sat in a curious position: still technically on the MLTSSL, but rarely invited under subclass 189 because of high points cut-offs. The 2025-26 picture has shifted. CA ANZ's member survey identified Australia-wide shortages of general accountants, taxation accountants, internal auditors and external auditors. Enrolments in the Accounting Professional Year program collapsed from 7,122 in 2018 to roughly 340 in 2024. An estimated 22,000 finance professionals are expected to leave the workforce by 2026 through retirement and attrition.
The result: state nomination programs (190 and 491) and employer sponsorship (482 and 186) are now the more realistic routes for offshore accountants. Subclass 189 invitations exist but remain reserved for very high scorers. Demand is heaviest in NSW, Victoria and South Australia, with regional Queensland and Tasmania also actively nominating accountants who commit to settlement outside the capitals.
ANZSCO 221111: What This Code Covers
ANZSCO 221111 describes professionals who plan and provide accounting systems and services relating to taxation and the financial dealings of organisations and individuals, and who advise on associated record-keeping and compliance requirements. Typical duties include preparing financial statements, providing taxation advice, conducting financial audits and forecasts, examining operating costs, and devising and implementing budgetary controls.
This is the broadest accounting code. If your day-to-day work also covers detailed management reporting and strategic governance, ANZSCO 221112 (Management Accountant) may be a closer fit. If it covers taxation specifically, ANZSCO 221113 (Taxation Accountant) is the dedicated code. Choose the code that genuinely matches your duties and references, not the one with the friendliest list status — the assessing bodies cross-check.
Skills Assessment for Accountants
Three bodies assess ANZSCO 221111. You may apply to any one of them, but CAANZ and CPA Australia are the most common for migration purposes.
CAANZ (Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand)
CAANZ assesses qualifications against nine core competency areas: accounting systems and processes, financial accounting and reporting, management accounting, audit and assurance, finance and financial management, business law, economics, quantitative methods, and taxation law.
- Fees and processing times: check the current figures on the CAANZ website
- Application hold period: four months for incomplete applications (reduced from six months from 1 January 2026)
CPA Australia
CPA Australia uses the same nine-competency framework.
- Skills assessment fee: CPA Australia lists a qualification assessment at AUD $565 for onshore applicants and AUD $514 for offshore applicants (CPA Australia fees)
- Processing time: CPA Australia publishes its current processing times on its website
- English requirement: meet CPA Australia's English requirement (see the CPA Australia skills assessment pages)
IPA (Institute of Public Accountants)
IPA is the third assessing body and tends to be chosen by applicants with a public practice or small-business accounting focus. Requirements mirror CAANZ and CPA at the competency level.
Common Rejection Reasons
The single most frequent rejection cause across all three bodies is failing the competency mapping — a degree that on paper looks like accounting but does not cover one or more of the nine areas. Indian B.Com graduates, for example, often fall short on audit and assurance or business law. The fix is usually a bridging unit or a recognised postgraduate qualification before applying. The second most common rejection is failing to meet the Proficient English standard.
Visa Pathways for Accountants
Subclasses are ordered below by current relevance for ANZSCO 221111.
Subclass 190 — Skilled Nominated Visa
State nomination adds 5 points and grants permanent residency. This is the dominant route for offshore accountants in 2026.
- Visa fee: AUD6,140 for the main applicant
- State nomination obligation: live and work in the nominating state for two years
- Processing time: 50% of applications processed within 4 months and 90% within 16 months
- Quirk: NSW conducts targeted sector-based rounds; Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and Queensland nominate accountants more openly
Subclass 491 — Skilled Work Regional Visa
Regional nomination adds 15 points. Five-year provisional visa with a pathway to subclass 191 permanent residency after meeting income thresholds.
- Visa fee: AUD6,140 for the main applicant
- Processing time: State or territory nominated: 50% of applications processed within 5 months and 90% within 18 months; Family sponsored: 50% of applications processed within 4 months and 90% within 7 months
- Quirk: South Australia and regional NSW typically have the most open 491 streams for accountants
Subclass 482 — Skills in Demand Visa
Employer-sponsored temporary visa. Genuine pathway when you have an Australian job offer.
- Visa fee: AUD4,015 for the main applicant
- Core Skills salary threshold: AUD79,423 (from 1 July 2026)
- Specialist Skills salary threshold: AUD146,576 (from 1 July 2026)
- Processing time: Core Skills stream: 50% of applications processed within 4 months and 90% within 9 months; Specialist Skills stream: 50% of applications processed within 37 days and 90% within 78 days
- Duration: up to 4 years
Most general accountant offers will fall under the Core Skills stream. Mid-career and senior roles in Sydney and Melbourne can clear the Specialist Skills threshold and benefit from the faster processing.
Home Affairs adds caveats for this occupation on the 482 Core Skills stream and the 186 Direct Entry stream. It "Excludes clerical, bookkeeping or accounting clerk positions", and it excludes any position in a business "that has an annual turnover of less than AUD1,000,000" or "that has fewer than 5 employees".
Subclass 186 — Employer Nomination Scheme
Permanent residency through employer sponsorship.
- Visa fee: AUD6,140 for the main applicant
- Streams: Direct Entry or Temporary Residence Transition (after 2+ years on 482)
- Processing time: Direct Entry stream: 50% of applications processed within 21 months and 90% within 25 months; Temporary Residence Transition stream: 50% of applications processed within 21 months and 90% within 25 months
- Quirk: accredited sponsors and applications in regional designated areas are being assessed faster
Subclass 189 — Skilled Independent Visa
Permanent residency through the points system, no nomination required.
- Visa fee: AUD6,135 for the main applicant
- Reality: ANZSCO 221111 has historically required 85-95 points for invitation
- Processing time: 50% of applications processed within 61 days and 90% within 8 months
The 189 is achievable but the points bar is high. Most accountants reach 190 or 491 first.
Home Affairs also lists Accountant (General) for the Skilled Employer Sponsored Regional (subclass 494) visa, an employer-sponsored regional visa (AUD6,140 for the main applicant). It needs a regional employer to nominate you.
Points Test Strategy
| Points Factor | Points | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Age (25-32) | 30 | Maximum bracket |
| Age (33-39) | 25 | Common bracket for senior accountants |
| Bachelor's degree | 15 | Minimum for Skill Level 1 |
| Master's degree | 15 | No additional points over Bachelor's unless PhD |
| PhD | 20 | Rare in accounting but maximum points |
| Superior English (IELTS 8 in each band, or equivalent) | 20 | Worth focused IELTS preparation |
| Proficient English (IELTS 7 in each band, or equivalent) | 10 | Check the assessing body's own English requirement |
| Overseas experience (8+ years) | 15 | After any assessing-body deduction |
| Australian experience (5 to under 8 years) | 15 | Strong booster for onshore candidates |
| State Nomination (190) | 5 | Adds 5 |
| Regional (491) | 15 | Adds 15 |
| Partner skills | 5-10 | If partner has skilled occupation and English |
| Professional Year in Australia | 5 | Accounting, ICT or engineering Professional Year |
| Credentialled community language (NAATI) | 5 | Community language |
Realistic Score Scenarios
Scenario 1 — Onshore accountant, 30 years old, Master's from Australian university, Proficient English, 4 years Australian experience Age 30 + Master's 15 + English 10 + Australian study 5 + Australian experience 10 = 70. Add 190 nomination: 75. Competitive in most states for general accountant.
Scenario 2 — Offshore accountant, 34 years old, Bachelor's, Superior English, 8 years overseas experience Age 25 + Bachelor's 15 + English 20 + Overseas experience 15 = 75. Add 491 regional nomination: 90. Strong position.
State Nomination for Accountants
South Australia
South Australia maintains the most open posture toward general accountants in 2026. ANZSCO 221111 appears on the South Australia Skilled Occupation List (updated 30 September 2025) for both 190 and 491 streams. Adelaide's mid-market accounting firms, state government, and growing defence and space industries drive demand. Offshore applicants are accepted; the work experience and English thresholds match Home Affairs base requirements.
Victoria
Victoria nominates general accountants for 190 and 491 through targeted invitation rounds. Melbourne and regional Victoria streams are separate. Three years of recent experience in the nominated occupation strengthens an EOI substantially.
Queensland
Queensland's Business and Skilled Migration Program nominates ANZSCO 221111 in selected rounds. Brisbane and regional Queensland (Cairns, Townsville, Toowoomba, Sunshine Coast) operate separate streams. Regional 491 is the more reliable route.
Tasmania
Tasmania has consistently nominated accountants for 190 and 491 throughout 2024-25 and remains active in 2026. The state requires a clear intention to settle and, for 190, prior connection (study, employment or family) carries weight.
New South Wales
NSW has shifted to sector-based targeted rounds focused on the care economy, construction, digital and renewables. General accountants still receive nominations, but the timing is less predictable. Sydney's banking, audit and corporate finance ecosystem remains the largest employer of accountants in Australia, which makes the 482 employer-sponsored route more reliable than 190 in NSW.
Western Australia
WA allocated 1,000 places to subclass 190 and 1,000 to subclass 491 in 2025-26. Accountants appear on the WA list in targeted streams, particularly where the role connects to the resources sector.
Salary and Employment Outlook
| Role | Typical Salary Range (AUD) |
|---|---|
| Graduate / Junior Accountant | $60,000-$75,000 |
| Accountant (2-5 years) | $80,000-$100,000 |
| Senior Accountant | $95,000-$125,000 |
| Finance Manager | $130,000-$170,000 |
| Financial Controller | $150,000-$200,000+ |
| CFO (mid-market) | $200,000-$350,000+ |
SEEK reported the average accountant salary in Australia at $80,000-$95,000 in May 2026. Senior and specialist roles sit well above that average.
Highest-Paying Sectors
- Financial services — banks, insurance and superannuation funds pay the strongest base salaries plus 10-30% bonus
- Big 4 and mid-tier audit firms — Deloitte, EY, KPMG, PwC, BDO, Grant Thornton, RSM
- Resources — mining and energy companies pay a premium for Perth and Brisbane-based finance roles
- Government — federal and state finance roles offer security, 15.4% super (federal) and salary packaging
- Industry CFO track — manufacturing, agribusiness and tech CFOs are paid competitively in mid-market businesses
Total packages typically include 12% superannuation plus bonus and, in some firms, equity or profit share.
Tips for a Successful Application
1. Map your competencies before you apply
Pull the nine CAANZ/CPA competency areas and audit your transcript against each one. If you have gaps, complete bridging units before lodging — fixing this in advance is cheaper and faster than appealing a negative assessment.
2. Lock in Proficient English at minimum, aim for Superior
Each assessing body sets its own English requirement for the skills assessment, so check it before you book a test. Superior English is worth an additional 10 points over Proficient English in the points test and can flip a borderline state nomination. PTE Academic, TOEFL iBT, OET, and Cambridge C1 Advanced are accepted.
3. Choose your assessing body carefully
Compare the current fees on each body's website. CAANZ is the right choice if you intend to enrol in the CA program in Australia. IPA suits public practice and SME-focused accountants. The migration outcome is identical across the three.
4. Document your full role in your reference letters
Generic "performed accounting duties" references fail. Ask employers to detail tasks against ANZSCO 221111 task list (financial statements, taxation, audit, budgets, financial analysis, advisory). Reference letters should be on company letterhead, signed, dated, and include the referee's title and contact details.
5. Target state nomination first, 189 second
ANZSCO 221111 invitations under 189 require very high points. Apply for 190 and 491 EOIs in parallel with 189. Build an Australian connection (study, employment, family) where possible to strengthen state nomination chances.
Step-by-Step Migration Roadmap
- Confirm your ANZSCO code — check 221111 against 221112 and 221113 using our ANZSCO code finder
- Audit your qualifications against the nine accounting competencies
- Complete bridging units if any competency is missing
- Sit an English test — aim for IELTS 8.0 each band for maximum points
- Choose an assessing body — CAANZ, CPA Australia or IPA
- Lodge skills assessment with degree, transcripts, employment evidence and English results
- Submit EOI in SkillSelect for 189, 190 and 491
- Apply for state nomination to Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, Queensland, WA in parallel
- Alternatively, secure an Australian job offer and pursue 482 employer sponsorship
- Receive invitation and lodge visa within 60 days
- Complete health and character checks
- Receive visa grant and relocate
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does the full pathway from skills assessment to visa grant take in 2026?
It depends on your English test, your skills assessment, when you receive an invitation and how long Home Affairs takes. Home Affairs processing times for the 190: 50% of applications processed within 4 months and 90% within 16 months. Employer-sponsored 482 applications can move faster. Home Affairs processing times for the 482: Core Skills stream: 50% of applications processed within 4 months and 90% within 9 months; Specialist Skills stream: 50% of applications processed within 37 days and 90% within 78 days. The Specialist Skills stream needs a salary of at least AUD146,576 (from 1 July 2026).
Which assessing body is best for accountants — CAANZ, CPA Australia or IPA?
All three produce identical migration outcomes. CPA Australia lists AUD $514 for a qualification assessment if you apply from outside Australia, or AUD $565 onshore (CPA Australia fees). Check the CAANZ and IPA fees on their own websites before you choose. CAANZ is the obvious choice if you intend to join the CA program after arrival. IPA is the smallest of the three and tends to be chosen by accountants from public practice or SME backgrounds. Pick on price and post-migration plans, not on perceived prestige.
What's the demand outlook for general accountants in Australia in 2026?
Demand is strong and the gap is widening. CA ANZ's 2026 member survey recorded a 49% vacancy fill rate for general accountants. Industry estimates project a shortfall of 10,000+ qualified accountants by the end of 2026, driven by retirement, declining domestic enrolments and growth in compliance and advisory work. State nomination programs have responded by keeping ANZSCO 221111 active across most jurisdictions.
Can my B.Com or M.Com from India be recognised for the skills assessment?
Yes, if the degree covers the nine required competency areas — accounting systems, financial accounting, management accounting, audit and assurance, finance, business law, economics, quantitative methods and taxation law. A standard Indian three-year B.Com often falls short on audit, business law or taxation law and requires a bridging unit or M.Com top-up. Have your transcript reviewed against the competency list before applying.
What are the most common reasons accountant skills assessments fail?
Three causes account for the majority of rejections: failing the nine-competency mapping (a qualification that does not cover all required areas), failing the assessing body's English requirement, and employment references that do not describe duties matching ANZSCO 221111. All three are preventable with preparation.
